Passwords are one of the most common and widely used methods of authentication on the web. However, they also have many drawbacks, such as being vulnerable to phishing, brute force attacks, and data breaches. Moreover, passwords are often hard to remember, easy to forget, and inconvenient to enter. As a result, many users resort to using weak passwords or reusing the same password across multiple accounts, which further compromises their security and privacy.
To address these challenges, a new standard for passwordless authentication has emerged: FIDO2. FIDO2 is an open and interoperable standard that enables users to authenticate to online services using common devices, such as smartphones, laptops, or security keys, without the need for passwords. FIDO2 is based on public key cryptography, which means that each user has a unique pair of keys: a private key that is stored securely on their device, and a public key that is registered with the online service. To authenticate, the user simply proves possession of their private key by using a local gesture, such as a fingerprint scan, face recognition, or a PIN. The online service then verifies the user’s identity by matching the public key with the signature generated by the private key.
FIDO2 consists of two complementary specifications:
Web Authentication (WebAuthn) and Client to Authenticator Protocol (CTAP). WebAuthn is a web standard developed by the World Wide Web Consortium (W3C) that defines how web browsers can interact with authenticators, such as security keys or built-in biometrics. CTAP is a protocol developed by the FIDO Alliance that defines how external authenticators can communicate with web browsers or platforms via USB, NFC, or Bluetooth. Together, WebAuthn and CTAP enable users to authenticate to any FIDO2-enabled website or app using any FIDO2-compatible device.
FIDO2 offers several advantages over password authentication, such as:
Security: FIDO2 credentials are unique for each website and never leave the user’s device. This means that they cannot be phished, stolen, or reused by attackers. Moreover, FIDO2 authenticators are resistant to malware and physical tampering.
Simplicity: FIDO2 authentication is fast and easy for users. They do not need to remember or enter passwords, nor rely on SMS codes or email links. They can simply use their device’s biometric sensor or plug in their security key to log in.
Privacy: FIDO2 authentication does not reveal any personal information about the user to the online service. The user’s biometric data is never shared with anyone and stays on their device. The user’s public key is also anonymized and cannot be linked to their identity or other accounts.
Interoperability: FIDO2 authentication works across different devices, platforms, browsers, and services. Users can choose from a variety of authenticators that suit their needs and preferences. Online services can also benefit from the wide adoption and support of FIDO2 by major technology companies and organizations.
FIDO2 is the latest innovation in the field of passwordless authentication. It aims to provide a more secure, convenient, and privacy-preserving way of accessing online services. By eliminating passwords and replacing them with cryptographic credentials, FIDO2 empowers users to take control of their digital identity and protect themselves from cyber threats.
